Endometrial testing

ERA test (Endometrial Receptivity Analysis)

Repeated unsuccessful embryo transfers are physically and psychologically demanding for a woman. Although the treated couple has undergone a series of tests and their embryos are suitable for implantation based on the results of pre-implantation genetic testing ( PGT-A), the lining of the uterus may not be ready.

The ERA ( Endometrial Receptivity Analysis) test can be used to determine the implantation window, the exact time when the lining of the uterus is ready to accept the embryo. Its results also help to determine the appropriate hormonal preparation and its length. The ERA test is optimally performed in the cycle preceding the one in which the embryo transfer is planned. Tissue for the test is obtained by biopsy of the uterine lining. Thanks to the results, we can determine the appropriate embryo transfer date for each patient individually. The ERA test is very sensitive and is therefore recommended for all women with repeated unsuccessful embryotraspheres.

Examination of endometrial uNK cells

Uterine NK cells (Uterine Natural Killer Cells) are special immune cells that are found in the lining of the uterus. Their main purpose is to ensure proper nesting of the embryo and to support the development of the placenta. In the lining of the uterus, they are an essential part, they are called lymphocytes (the most abundant type of white blood cells), which are the basis of acquired immunity. Their number is influenced by the menstrual cycle, during which the representation of uNK cells varies considerably, with maximum numbers being reached in the early stages of pregnancy. In the event of an inappropriate immune response, uNK cells may change into cytotoxic cells, which are capable of causing, for example, destruction of the trophoblast (from which the placenta develops) and thus contributing to miscarriage and sterility.

Examination of the concentration of uNK cells is carried out from a biopsy sample of the endometrium, and the cells themselves can be determined by flow cytometry. Determining the level and function of uNK cells can provide valuable information about the causes of problems and help in the selection of appropriate therapy.