{"id":631797,"date":"2021-10-12T15:49:46","date_gmt":"2021-10-12T13:49:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spln.eu\/nase-sluzby\/basic-and-special-sperm-examination\/"},"modified":"2021-10-12T15:49:46","modified_gmt":"2021-10-12T13:49:46","slug":"basic-and-special-sperm-examination","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/spln.eu\/en\/nase-sluzby\/basic-and-special-sperm-examination\/","title":{"rendered":"Basic and special sperm examination"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Basic and special sperm examination<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Spermiogram is the first examination in the evaluation of male fertility. This is a microscopic examination of the ejaculate sample. The number of sperm counts, their mobility and shape are evaluated.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ejaculate is obtained by masturbation, it is a viscous opalescent liquid, white-yellowish coloured, which contains sperms and seminal plasma. It is produced by seminal and accessory sex glands. The sample is highly viscous after ejaculation and changes to fluid after about half an hour. The final analysis should only be determined after 2-3 samples that are examined within at least one-week time lapse.<\/p>\n<h3>Sample collection<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ejaculate is usually obtained by masturbation after a short 2 \u2013 7-day long sexual abstinence; it is necessary to collect the whole amount of it. The man should not be taking any drugs, drinking alcohol, or smoking before the examination.<br \/>\nSperms are collected by a man into a sterile plastic container (disposable), which must not contain residues of disinfectants that damage the sperms.<\/p>\n<h3>Evaluation of the ejaculate<\/h3>\n<p>Sperm analysis includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>volume and viscosity<\/li>\n<li>sperm concentration<\/li>\n<li>total sperm count<\/li>\n<li>sperm mobility<\/li>\n<li>the number of normal and damaged sperm<\/li>\n<li>pH<\/li>\n<li>the number of rounded forms (leukocytes and others) in the ejaculate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Appearance of the ejaculate<\/h3>\n<p>After the examination, the appearance is assessed. In the ejaculate, there should be no blood or flakes that indicate the presence of an infection in the sexual system.<\/p>\n<h3>Volume of the ejaculate<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The ejaculate is left liquefying for 30 minutes at 37\u00b0 C in a thermostat. Then its volume is measured.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">pH<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">An ejaculate drop is applied to the pH paper strip and after 30 seconds the pH is read out according to the enclosed scale. The normal pH is slightly alkaline from 7.2 to 8.4.<\/p>\n<h3>Sperm concentration<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">We count the sperms by means of Makler, in a microscopic device with a special counting grid.<\/p>\n<h3>Sperm motility<\/h3>\n<p>According to the WHO, sperm motility is divided into the following four categories:<br \/>\na &#8211; fast-moving sperms<br \/>\nb &#8211; slowly moving sperms<br \/>\nc &#8211; non-progressing sperms &#8211; on-site movement<br \/>\nd &#8211; immobile sperms<\/p>\n<h3>Morphology of the sperms<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Morphology of the sperms is evaluated from the stained preparation.<br \/>\nThe following are evaluated:<br \/>\nhead &#8211; size, symmetry, shape, presence and size of the acrosome, presence of vacuoles, and others<br \/>\ncervix &#8211; thickness, attachment on the head, cytoplasmic drops, and others<br \/>\ntail &#8211; shape, length, double tail, tail twisting, and others<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The larger the number of abnormal sperms or sperm abnormalities, the more likely a man is less fertile.<\/p>\n<h3>Leukocytes, bacteria, other &#8230;<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Another parameter of the spermiogram is the presence of leukocytes, immature forms, bacteria, protozoa or other cellular elements.<\/p>\n<h3>The WHO baseline normal sperm count parameters is as follows:<\/h3>\n<p>Appearance &#8211; white-yellowish coloured ejaculate<br \/>\nVolume of the ejaculate &#8211; more than 1.5 ml<br \/>\nSperm concentration &#8211; more than 15 million\/ml<br \/>\nThe total number of sperms in the ejaculate &#8211; more than 39 million<br \/>\nTotal mobility &#8211; more than 40%<br \/>\nProgressive movement &#8211; more than 32%<br \/>\nMorphology &#8211; more than 4% morphologically normal sperms<br \/>\nRound shapes &#8211; less than 1 million\/ml<\/p>\n<h3>Nomenclature<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Normospermia<\/strong> &#8211; spermiogram parameters are within standards<br \/>\n<strong>Oligozoospermia<\/strong> &#8211; sperm concentration is less than 15 million\/ml<br \/>\n<strong>Teratozoospermia<\/strong> &#8211; less than 4% of sperms have normal morphology<br \/>\n<strong>Astenozoospermia<\/strong> &#8211; less than 40% of moving sperm<br \/>\n<strong>Azoospermia<\/strong> &#8211; no sperms are present in the ejaculate<br \/>\n<strong>Aspermia<\/strong> &#8211; absence of the ejaculate<br \/>\n<strong>Necrozoospermia<\/strong> &#8211; presence of only non-living sperms<br \/>\n<strong>Cryptozoospermia<\/strong> &#8211; a small number of sperms, they are not present in a fresh sample, but only after centrifugation<br \/>\n<strong>Hypospermia<\/strong> &#8211; low ejaculate volume (\u2264 1.5 ml)<br \/>\n<strong>Leukocytozoospermia<\/strong> &#8211; increased incidence of\u00a0leukocytes<\/p>\n<h3>Factors affecting the sperm quality<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8211; alcohol<br \/>\n&#8211; tobacco<br \/>\n&#8211; various medicines<br \/>\n&#8211; stress<br \/>\n&#8211; sample collection during influenza, another disease (antibiotics)<\/p>\n<h3>Ejaculate collection in the Sanatorium for the Treatment of Infertility &#8211; SPLN spol. s r. o.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The ejaculate is taken in a name-marked sterile, disposable container, at our workplace in a separate room (desiged for this purpose), if necessary with a female partner. The colelcted sample is then submitted to the authorized employee by the man, he fills-in and signs the spermiogram examination form.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The sperms from the frozen doses can be used for fertilization of the ova, in the absence of the partner on the day of ova collection or before chemotherapy of the partner. The sperms can also be obtained surgically &#8211; by the MESA or TESE methods, then they are frozen, and the required dose can be thawed on the day of the ova collection and used for fertilization. The ova collected can also be fertilized by the sperms of an anonymous donor whom the partners have chosen in advance.<\/p>\n<h3>Principles of the sperm collection outside the Sanatorium for the Treatment of Infertility &#8211; SPLN spol. s r. o.<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Before the ejaculate collection, the patient shall be instructed to keep the period of sexual abstinence for 2 to 7 days.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">If for any reason it is not possible to collect the ejaculate at this workplace, the client may, in agreement with the workplace, bring the ejaculate from his home. The client must follow these guidelines:<br \/>\n&#8211; collect the ejaculate into a sterile plastic bottle that he gets in our workplace<br \/>\n&#8211; keep the ejaculate at 20 &#8211; 37 degrees Celsius<br \/>\n&#8211; deliver the sample to the andrological laboratory within 30 minutes of collection (up to 1 hour max)<br \/>\n&#8211; label the bottle by the name<br \/>\n&#8211; fill-in and sign the application for the sperm examination form<br \/>\n<strong>Spermiograms shall not be reported by phone.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Basic and special sperm examination Spermiogram is the first examination in the evaluation of male fertility. This is a microscopic examination of the ejaculate sample. The number of sperm counts, their mobility and shape are evaluated. Ejaculate is obtained by masturbation, it is a viscous opalescent liquid, white-yellowish coloured, which contains sperms and seminal plasma&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":2149,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-631797","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Basic and special sperm examination - SPLN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/spln.eu\/en\/nase-sluzby\/basic-and-special-sperm-examination\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Basic and special sperm examination - SPLN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Basic and special sperm examination Spermiogram is the first examination in the evaluation of male fertility. 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